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通过介科学关联“微”与“宏”

Raffaella Ocone

《工程（英文）》 2017年 第3卷 第3期   页码 281-282 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.03.009

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Laboratory and field evaluation of asphalt pavement surface friction resistance

Zhong WU, Chris ABADIE

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期   页码 372-381 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0463-1

摘要：

Pavement surface friction is a significant factor for driving safety and plays a critical role in reducing wet-pavement crashes. However, the current asphalt mixture design procedure does not directly consider friction as a requirement. The objective of this study was to develop a surface friction prediction model that can be used during a wearing course mixture design. To achieve the objective, an experimental study was conducted on the frictional characteristics of typical wearing course mixtures in Louisiana. Twelve wearing course mixtures including dense-graded and open-graded mixes with different combinations of aggregate sources were evaluated in laboratory using an accelerated polishing and testing procedure considering both micro- and macro texture properties. In addition, the surface frictional properties of asphalt mixtures were measured on twenty-two selected asphalt pavement sections using different in situ devices including Dynamic Friction Tester (DFT), Circular Texture Meter (CTM), and Lock-Wheel Skid Trailer (LWST). The results have led to develop a procedure for predicting pavement end-of-life skid resistance based on the aggregate blend polish stone value, gradation parameters, and traffic, which is suited in checking whether the selected aggregates in a wearing course mix design would meet field friction requirements under a certain design traffic polishing.

关键词： friction skid resistance     polishing     PSV     LWST     micro-texture     macro-texture    

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Challenges of a feasible route towards sustainability in environmental protection

G. LETTINGA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 123-134 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0028-1

摘要： Anaerobic processes for treatment of low and high strength wastewaters and solid wastes constitute the core method in the natural biological mineralization (NBM) treatment concept. When adequately combined with the complementary NBM-systems and modern clean water saving practices in wastewater collection and transport, they represent a feasible route to sustainable environmental protection (EP), in essence even towards a more sustainable society. Despite the development and implementation of modern high rate Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment (AnWT-) systems and complementary innovative NBM-processes, the considerable progress made since the seventies in fundamental insights in microbiology, biochemistry and process technology, still numerous challenging improvements in the NBM-field can be realized. This contribution is mainly based on the insights attained from wide ranging literature evaluations and the results of experimental research conducted by numerous PhD students who participated in our group over the last four decades. An attempt is made here to identify major facets on which an improved insight can, and consequently should, be obtained in order to accomplish more optimal operation and design of various types of Anaerobic Degradation (AnDeg-) processes.

关键词： sustainability     environmental protection     anaerobic treatment     micro-aerobic treatment     natural biological mineralization concept     traces elements     macro-nutrients    

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铸件凝固过程的宏观及微观模拟仿真研究进展

柳百成

《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第9期   页码 29-37

摘要：

面向市场经济，迎接全球化竞争的挑战，为国民经济的发展作贡献，就要十分重视制造业特别是铸造行业的发展。但是，我国铸造行业与国外相比有很大差距，它制约着国民经济的发展。世界各国在铸造成形加工技术的发展趋势方面，认识是一致的，即：一是大型工程中特大型铸件的关键铸造技术；二是向精确成形技术方向发展；三是用计算机模拟仿真逐步代替传统的经验性研究方法。铸造过程计算机模拟仿真是改造传统铸造产业的必由之路，是当今世界各国专家学者关注的热点。铸造充型凝固过程的数值模拟可以帮助工程技术.人员优化工艺设计，缩短试制周期、降低生产成本、确保铸件质量，已成为铸造领域最热门的研究课题之一。目前，凝固过程的流场、温度场数值模拟及缩孔缩松预测已应用于实际生产，应力分析、微观组织模拟等方面的基础研究及实用化进程都取得了很大进展。

关键词： 铸造     凝固过程     模拟仿真     净形铸造    

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工程共同体视角下的工程伦理学研究

王进

《中国工程科学》 2013年 第15卷 第11期   页码 97-102

摘要：

微观工程伦理学着重关注工程师个人的责任伦理和职业伦理，科技进步的日新月异助推工程创造与社会发展间的双螺旋上升更加广泛快捷，同时工程对人类和自然的影响却呈现脱缰之势，从工程共同体的群体视角“全景式”地建构宏观工程伦理学势在必行。这一宏观转向涵盖4 个方面的内容：工程整体与社会的关系，工程师在更广阔社会语境下的职业责任，工程决策在社会政治层面的影响以及工程在为子孙后代提供优质永续环境方面所做的努力。这有助于工程师更好地践行“利用其知识和技能促进人类福利”的伦理准则，并使工程能同时满足人类对“近用”的期待和对“远用”的关怀。

关键词： 工程伦理学     工程共同体     宏观     微观    

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Real drive cycles analysis by ordered power methodology applied to fuel consumption, CO

Pol Masclans Abelló, Vicente Medina Iglesias, M. Antonia de los Santos López, Jesús Álvarez-Flórez

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1296-z

摘要： Abstract • New method named CAbOP is presented based on ordering data according to power. • Three emission models are used and their emission results compared. • Emissions data are analyzed in real driving cycles under CAbOP criteria. • Methodology to collect data and reconstruct lost data in real urban driving cycles. In this work three fuel consumption and exhaust emission models, ADVISOR, VT-MICRO and the European Environmental Agency Emission factors, have been used to obtain fuel consumption (FC) and exhaust emissions. These models have been used at micro-scale, using the two signal treatment methods presented. The manuscript presents: 1) a methodology to collect data in real urban driving cycles, 2) an estimation of FC and tailpipe emissions using some available models in literature, and 3) a novel analysis of the results based on delivered wheel power. The results include Fuel Consumption (FC), CO2, NOx and PM10 emissions, which are derived from the three simulators. In the first part of the paper we present a new procedure for incomplete drive cycle data treatment, which is necessary for real drive cycle acquisition in high density cities. Then the models are used to obtain second by second FC and exhaust emissions. Finally, a new methodology named Cycle Analysis by Ordered Power (CAbOP) is presented and used to compare the results. This method consists in the re-ordering of time dependant data, considering the wheel mechanical power domain instead of the standard time domain. This new strategy allows the 5 situations in drive cycles to be clearly visualized: hard breaking zone, slowdowns, idle or stop zone, sustained speed zone and acceleration zone. The complete methodology is applied in two real drive cycles surveyed in Barcelona (Spain) and the results are compared with a standardized WLTC urban cycle.

关键词： Cycle Analysis by Ordered Power (CAbOP)     Micro and macro models     Real drive cycle     NOx/PM10/CO2 emissions     Wheel mechanical power domain     Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC)    

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Progressive failure analysis of notched composite plate by utilizing macro mechanics approach

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 623-642 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0726-8

摘要： In this study, gradual and sudden reduction methods were combined to simulate a progressive failure in notched composite plates using a macro mechanics approach. Using the presented method, a progressive failure is simulated based on a linear softening law prior to a catastrophic failure, and thereafter, sudden reduction methods are employed for modeling a progressive failure. This combination method significantly reduces the computational cost and is also capable of simultaneously predicting the first and last ply failures (LPFs) in composite plates. The proposed method is intended to predict the first ply failure (FPF), LPF, and dominant failure modes of carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy notched composite plates. In addition, the effects of mechanical properties and different stacking sequences on the propagation of damage in notched composite plates were studied. The results of the presented method were compared with experimental data previously reported in the literature. By comparing the numerical and experimental data, it is revealed that the proposed method can accurately simulate the failure propagation in notched composite plates at a low computational cost.

关键词： progressive failure     notched composite plate     Hashin failure criterion     macro mechanics approach     finite element method    

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Chloride ingress and macro-cell corrosion of steel in concrete made with recycled brick aggregate

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期   页码 1358-1371 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0769-x

摘要： An investigation on chloride ingress and macro-cell corrosion of steel bars in concrete made with recycled brick aggregate (RBA) was carried out. As control cases, virgin brick aggregate (BA) and stone aggregate (SA) were also investigated. Both cylindrical and cracked prism specimens were studied for 16 different cases. The prism specimens were made with a segmented steel bar providing electrical connection from outside of the specimens to measure macro-cell corrosion current continuously under seawater splash exposure for a period of 30 d using a data logger. Cylindrical specimens were submerged in 3% NaCl solution at a temperature of 40°C to investigate chloride ingress in concrete made with RBA, BA, and SA after 120 and 180 d. Half-cell potential, corrosion area, and depths of corrosion were also investigated. The chloride ingress as well as corrosion of steel bars in concrete made with the different types of aggregate is ordered as RBA > BA > SA.

关键词： brick aggregate     chloride ingress     macro-cell corrosion     recycled brick aggregate    

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微分和表观静摩擦系数的表式

王渭源

《中国工程科学》 2001年 第3卷 第8期   页码 29-32

摘要：

当前，工程师和科学家都对微牛和纳牛量级载荷静摩擦系数（以下简称微牛纳牛静摩擦系数）很感兴趣。但文献中至今没有详细讨论过微牛纳牛静摩擦系数与载荷的关系，而且发表的实验结果都不相互讨论。从微分静摩擦系数的定义出发，导出几种典型模型下微分静摩擦系数和表观静摩擦系数的表式，并据此广泛讨论这些文献中的实验结果。

关键词： 微分静摩擦系数     微牛纳牛静摩擦系数     表观静摩擦系数     宏观静摩擦系数    

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论钢铁行业能耗、物耗、排放的宏观调控

陆钟武,蔡九菊,杜 涛,岳 强,高成康,王鹤鸣

《中国工程科学》 2015年 第17卷 第5期   页码 126-132

摘要：

强调了对钢铁行业能耗、物耗和排放进行深入、透彻研究的重要性，说明了本研究工作的指导思想、思维方式和理论基础，构思了一张钢铁行业宏观调控网络图，推导了一组多比值计算式；它们都是进行精准、有效的宏观调控所必备的理论工具。回顾过去，确定了我国钢铁行业能耗高、物耗高、排放高的主要原因；展望未来，提出了今后调控工作的原则、方向和长远目标。本文初次阐明了钢铁行业宏观调控的理论和方法。

关键词： 钢铁行业；钢产量；能耗、物耗、排放；宏观调控网络图；宏观调控计算式    

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Flexible micro flow sensor for micro aerial vehicles

Rong ZHU, Ruiyi QUE, Peng LIU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第12卷 第4期   页码 539-545 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0427-0

摘要：

This article summarizes our studies on micro flow sensors fabricated on a flexible polyimide circuit board by a low-cost hybrid process of thin-film deposition and circuit printing. The micro flow sensor has merits of flexibility, structural simplicity, easy integrability with circuits, and good sensing performance. The sensor, which adheres to an object surface, can detect the surface flow around the object. In our study, we install the fabricated micro flow sensors on micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) to detect the surface flow variation around the aircraft wing and deduce the aerodynamic parameters of the MAVs in flight. Wind tunnel experiments using the sensors integrated with the MAVs are also conducted.

关键词： micro flow sensor     flexible sensor     surface flow sensing     aerodynamic parameter     micro aerial vehicle (MAV)    

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A review on different theoretical models of electrocaloric effect for refrigeration

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第4期   页码 478-503 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0884-6

摘要： The performance parameters for characterizing the electrocaloric effect are isothermal entropy change and the adiabatic temperature change, respectively. This paper reviews the electrocaloric effect of ferroelectric materials based on different theoretical models. First, it provides four different calculation scales (the first-principle-based effective Hamiltonian, the Landau-Devonshire thermodynamic theory, phase-field simulation, and finite element analysis) to explain the basic theory of calculating the electrocaloric effect. Then, it comprehensively reviews the recent progress of these methods in regulating the electrocaloric effect and the generation mechanism of the electrocaloric effect. Finally, it summarizes and anticipates the exploration of more novel electrocaloric materials based on the framework constructed by the different computational methods.

关键词： electrocaloric effect     effective Hamiltonian     phase-field modeling     different theoretical models    

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Template-free synthesis of hierarchically macro-mesoporous Mn-TiO

Zhao Peng, Li-Hua Chen, Ming-Hui Sun, Pan Wu, Chang Cai, Zhao Deng, Yu Li, Wei-Hong Zheng, Bao-Lian Su

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 43-49 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1679-2

摘要： This study described a template-free method for the synthesis of hierarchically macro-mesoporous Mn-TiO catalysts. The promoting effect of Mn doping and the hierarchically macro-mesoporous architecture on TiO based catalysts was also investigated for the selective reduction of NO with NH . The results show that the catalytic performance of TiO based catalysts was improved greatly after Mn doping. Meanwhile, the Mn-TiO catalyst with the hierarchically macro-mesoporous architecture has a better catalytic activity than that without such an architecture.

关键词： titania     hierarchically macro-mesoporous structure     Mn-doping     selective catalytic reduction    

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Predictive models on photolysis and photoinduced toxicity of persistent organic chemicals

Qing ZHANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第6期   页码 803-814 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0547-7

摘要： Photodegradation is a major abiotic transformation pathway of toxic chemicals in the environment, which in some cases might lead to photoinduced toxicities. The data on photodegradation kinetics and photoinduced toxicities of organic chemicals are essential for their risk assessment. However, the relevant data are only available for a limited number of chemicals, due to the difficulty and high cost of experimental determination. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models that relate photodegradation kinetics or photoinduced toxicity of organic chemicals with their physicochemical properties or molecular structural descriptors may enable simple and fast estimation of their photochemical behaviors. This paper reviews the QSAR models on photodegradation quantum yields and rate constants for toxic organic chemicals in different media including liquid phase, gaseous phase, surfaces of plant leaves, and QSAR models on photoinduced toxicity of organic chemicals to plants, bacteria, and aquatic invertebrates. Further prospects for QSAR model development on photodegradation kinetics and photoinduced toxicity of refractory organic chemicals are proposed.

关键词： quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models     photodegradation     persistent organic pollutants     environmental media     mechanisms    

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Empirical models and design codes in prediction of modulus of elasticity of concrete

Behnam VAKHSHOURI, Shami NEJADI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期   页码 38-48 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0479-1

摘要： Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) is a key parameter in reinforced concrete design. It represents the stress-strain relationship in the elastic range and is used in the prediction of concrete structures. Out of range estimation of MOE in the existing codes of practice strongly affect the design and performance of the concrete structures. This study includes: (a) evaluation and comparison of the existing analytical models to estimating the MOE in normal strength concrete, and (b) proposing and verifying a new model. In addition, a wide range of experimental databases and empirical models to estimate the MOE from compressive strength and density of concrete are evaluated to verification of the proposed model. The results show underestimation of MOE of conventional concrete in majority of the existing models. Also, considering the consistency between density and mechanical properties of concrete, the predicted MOE in the models including density effect, are more compatible with the experimental results.

关键词： modulus of elasticity     normal strength normal weight concrete     empirical models     design codes     compressive strength     density    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

通过介科学关联“微”与“宏”

Raffaella Ocone

期刊论文

Laboratory and field evaluation of asphalt pavement surface friction resistance

Zhong WU, Chris ABADIE

期刊论文

Challenges of a feasible route towards sustainability in environmental protection

G. LETTINGA

期刊论文

铸件凝固过程的宏观及微观模拟仿真研究进展

柳百成

期刊论文

工程共同体视角下的工程伦理学研究

王进

期刊论文

Real drive cycles analysis by ordered power methodology applied to fuel consumption, CO

Pol Masclans Abelló, Vicente Medina Iglesias, M. Antonia de los Santos López, Jesús Álvarez-Flórez

期刊论文

Progressive failure analysis of notched composite plate by utilizing macro mechanics approach

期刊论文

Chloride ingress and macro-cell corrosion of steel in concrete made with recycled brick aggregate

期刊论文

微分和表观静摩擦系数的表式

王渭源

期刊论文

论钢铁行业能耗、物耗、排放的宏观调控

陆钟武,蔡九菊,杜 涛,岳 强,高成康,王鹤鸣

期刊论文

Flexible micro flow sensor for micro aerial vehicles

Rong ZHU, Ruiyi QUE, Peng LIU

期刊论文

A review on different theoretical models of electrocaloric effect for refrigeration

期刊论文

Template-free synthesis of hierarchically macro-mesoporous Mn-TiO

Zhao Peng, Li-Hua Chen, Ming-Hui Sun, Pan Wu, Chang Cai, Zhao Deng, Yu Li, Wei-Hong Zheng, Bao-Lian Su

期刊论文

Predictive models on photolysis and photoinduced toxicity of persistent organic chemicals

Qing ZHANG

期刊论文

Empirical models and design codes in prediction of modulus of elasticity of concrete

Behnam VAKHSHOURI, Shami NEJADI

期刊论文